Autoimmune Disease

Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases occur when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissues, perceiving them as foreign invaders. This malfunction can affect virtually any organ or tissue, leading to a wide range of conditions. Common autoimmune diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and psoriasis.

The exact cause of autoimmune diseases remains unclear, but genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, infections, and hormonal changes are believed to play roles. Women are more commonly affected than men, and the onset often occurs during the childbearing years.

Symptoms vary depending on the condition but often include fatigue, joint pain, swelling, skin rashes, and recurring fever. Diagnosis can be challenging, requiring a combination of clinical evaluation, blood tests, and imaging studies.

Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and reducing immune system overactivity through medications such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics. Lifestyle changes, including a balanced diet, stress management, and regular exercise, can also improve quality of life.

While most autoimmune diseases are chronic, advancements in medical research are continually improving treatment options, allowing many patients to lead fulfilling lives despite their conditions. Early diagnosis and individualized care are key to effective management.