Immunodeficiencies
Immunodeficiencies
Immunodeficiencies are conditions in which the immune system’s ability to fight infections and diseases is impaired. They can be broadly classified into primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs), which are congenital and caused by genetic defects, and secondary immunodeficiencies, which are acquired due to external factors like infections, malnutrition, or medical treatments.
Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs):
PIDs are rare and typically present in infancy or childhood. Examples include:
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID): Affects both T and B cells, leading to life-threatening infections.
- Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID): Results in low antibody levels, causing recurrent infections.
- Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD): Defects in phagocytic cells, leading to bacterial and fungal infections.
Secondary Immunodeficiencies:
These are more common and can result from:
- Infections: HIV/AIDS is the leading cause, destroying CD4+ T cells.
- Medical Interventions: Chemotherapy, radiation, or immunosuppressive drugs used in transplantation or autoimmune diseases.
- Malnutrition or Chronic Illnesses: Conditions like diabetes or cancer weaken immunity.
