Gouty Arthritis
Gouty Arthritis
Gouty arthritis, commonly known as gout, is an inflammatory arthritis caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints due to elevated levels of uric acid in the blood (hyperuricemia). It typically affects a single joint initially, with the big toe joint (first metatarsophalangeal joint) being the most common site, though other joints like the ankle, knee, and wrist may also be involved.
The hallmark of gout is sudden and intense joint pain, often accompanied by redness, swelling, warmth, and tenderness. Attacks often occur at night and can last for days to weeks. Without treatment, recurrent episodes may lead to chronic gout with joint deformities and tophi—hard urate crystal deposits under the skin.
Diagnosis involves clinical history, joint aspiration to identify urate crystals, and imaging studies. Blood tests may show elevated uric acid, though normal levels during an attack do not exclude the diagnosis.
Management includes treating acute attacks with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, or corticosteroids. Long-term control focuses on reducing uric acid levels using medications like allopurinol or febuxostat and lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding purine-rich foods, reducing alcohol intake, and maintaining a healthy weight. Early and consistent management can prevent complications and improve quality of life.
