Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease characterized by the progressive deterioration of cartilage, which cushions the ends of bones in joints. It is most prevalent in weight-bearing joints like the knees, hips, and spine but can also affect the hands. OA typically develops due to aging, repetitive joint stress, obesity, genetic predisposition, or previous joint injuries.
The primary symptoms of OA include joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion. Pain is usually exacerbated by activity and relieved by rest. Over time, the condition may lead to deformities and significant functional limitations, impacting the quality of life.
Diagnosis is based on clinical history, physical examination, and imaging studies such as X-rays, which reveal joint space narrowing, bone spurs, and other degenerative changes.
Treatment aims to alleviate symptoms and improve joint function. Non-pharmacological measures include weight management, physical therapy, and assistive devices. Medications like analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and intra-articular injections provide symptomatic relief. In advanced cases, surgical interventions like joint replacement may be necessary.
Preventive strategies, including maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and avoiding joint overuse, are essential for reducing the risk and progression of osteoarthritis.
