Knee osteoarthritis (OA), often called degenerative joint disease, is a condition primarily caused by the gradual wear and tear of the knee’s articular cartilage. While it is most common among older individuals, it can affect people of all ages.
It is categorized into two types: primary and secondary.
Primary Osteoarthritis occurs without an apparent underlying cause, often attributed to age-related degeneration.
Secondary Osteoarthritis results from specific factors such as joint trauma, abnormal cartilage, or conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
Symptoms
Knee OA is a chronic, painful joint disorder that can affect not only the knees but also the hands, hips, and spine. Symptoms vary among individuals and typically progress slowly, including:
- Gradual knee pain worsening with activity
- Knee stiffness and swelling
- Pain after long periods of sitting or resting
- Cracking or creaking sounds during joint movement
Causes
Primary knee OA often results from age-related wear and tear.
Secondary knee OA can be caused by factors like obesity, joint instability, previous injuries, or genetic predisposition.
Diagnosis
- Diagnosis of osteoarthritis is not solely reliable on X-rays.
- It involves a comprehensive approach, including a thorough medical history and physical examination.
- Swelling in the knee may prompt joint fluid extraction for diagnostic testing.
- Complementary imaging techniques like CT scans or MRI scans can also contribute to the diagnosis.
Treatment
- Conservative treatment starts with physiotherapy and patient education.
- Exercise therapy is crucial, as it can reduce pain, improve mobility, and strengthen the knee.
- Weight management is essential, particularly for those with a body mass index over 25.
- Medications like pain relievers and anti-inflammatories can provide relief.
- Surgical interventions may be considered if conservative approaches fail. These include arthroscopy, osteotomy, and joint replacement.
Knee osteoarthritis is a prevalent joint condition that can significantly impact your quality of life. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options is essential for effectively managing this condition.
